GSM – Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause – is a term that covers a wide range of physical changes that happen to the vagina, vulva and urinary tract as oestrogen levels fall in the years around and after menopause.
The old term was “vulvovaginal atrophy” but GSM is more accurate because it captures the full range of symptoms, including urinary ones. More importantly, it reflects that these symptoms are a medical condition – not just “part of getting old” that you have to put up with.
How Common Is GSM?
Studies estimate that 50–60% of postmenopausal women have GSM symptoms, yet fewer than 25% seek treatment. Many women don’t mention it to their doctor, and many doctors don’t ask. This needs to change – because GSM is treatable.
Symptoms of GSM
Vaginal Symptoms
- Vaginal dryness
- Burning or itching
- Pain during intercourse (dyspareunia)
- Light bleeding after sex
- Loss of natural lubrication
- Feeling of tightness or narrowing of the vaginal opening
Urinary Symptoms
- Increased frequency of urination
- Urgency to urinate
- Stress urinary incontinence
- Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Burning during urination
Why Does GSM Happen?
Oestrogen receptors are found throughout the vaginal and urinary tract tissues. When oestrogen levels drop at menopause, these tissues lose their elasticity, thin out, and produce less lubrication. The result is the constellation of symptoms described above.
Unlike hot flushes (which often improve after a few years), GSM tends to progress unless treated.
Treatment Options for GSM in Chandigarh
Laser Therapy (Non-Hormonal)
Fractional CO₂ laser therapy is the most effective non-hormonal treatment for GSM. The laser stimulates new collagen and restores tissue health, moisture and elasticity. Most women need 3 sessions, spaced 4–6 weeks apart, with maintenance annually.
At Sadhbhavna Clinics Chandigarh, we offer laser GSM treatment in a discreet, comfortable clinic setting.
Local Oestrogen
Low-dose vaginal oestrogen (cream or pessary) is safe and effective for most women, including breast cancer survivors in many cases. It acts locally without significant systemic absorption.
Vaginal Moisturisers and Lubricants
pH-balanced vaginal moisturisers used 3 times a week can reduce daily discomfort. Water- or silicone-based lubricants help with intimacy.
GSM is a real medical condition that affects your quality of life. You deserve effective treatment. Book a confidential consultation at Sadhbhavna Clinics Chandigarh today.